Crop, livestock, and bioenergy enterprises can be more tightly coupled using wastes and byproducts from one enterprise as inputs for another. Science gaps in how to integrate these enterprises hinder the transition toward more resilient and productive food and energy systems, especially to build healthy soils, deliver clean water, and provide quality habitat for wildlife and other forms of biodiversity. C-CHANGE work in this area focuses on:

• Identifying, learning from, and promoting innovative farms and businesses
• Testing integrated crop, livestock, and energy systems
• Quantifying the value of diversity and complexity
• Removing barriers to integrating crop, livestock, and energy systems

The Coupled Systems’ effort is lead by Mark Mba Wright and Marshall McDaniel.